A testament to vision, resilience, and progress.
On 26 November 2024, India reached a historic milestone—75 years since the adoption of its Constitution. Rightfully described by Prime Minister Narendra Modi as “Ambedkar’s Constitution,” this document is both a cornerstone of India’s democracy and a symbol of its resilience. In a world where Constitutions often succumb to socio-political upheavals within decades, India has stood firm, adapting to the needs of its diverse population while holding steadfast to its founding principles. This landmark anniversary is an occasion not only to celebrate its endurance but also to reflect on its profound impact on the nation’s journey.
“…Today it looks easy that people have access to tap water, but even after 75 years of Independence, only 3 crore houses had this facility… in the original copy of the Constitution, Lord Ram, mother Sita…have their images in it. The images symbolising Indian culture are there so that they can keep us reminded about human values. These human values are the foundation of policies and decisions of today’s India,” PM Modi added.
VISIONARY IDEALS OF THE FRAMERS
Globally, the average lifespan of a Constitution is estimated at just 17 years. India’s Constitution, however, has not only survived for 75 years but thrived as a living document that continues to guide the world’s largest democracy. Its endurance lies in its ability to balance rigidity with adaptability, providing a framework that accommodates change without compromising core values.
Dr B.R. Ambedkar, the principal architect of the Constitution, envisioned a document that would not only address historical injustices but also anticipate the challenges of a modern, evolving society. The Constitution’s commitment to universal adult suffrage was revolutionary for its time. While many Western democracies hesitated to grant women the right to vote until the 1960s, India began its democratic journey in 1949 with the principle of equality at its core. This commitment to inclusivity extended beyond gender, addressing caste-based discrimination and other societal inequities that had plagued the country for centuries.
The framers were also remarkably prescient in their inclusion of environmental protection long before global conversations on sustainability gained traction. For instance, the Directive Principles of State Policy reflect a commitment to ecological balance and intergenerational equity, ideals that resonate deeply in today’s climate change and environmental degradation context. Moreover, the Constitution’s recognition of India’s linguistic, cultural, and religious diversity underscores its pluralistic ethos. Ensuring protections for minority rights and fostering federalism provided a robust foundation for unity amidst diversity—a cornerstone of India’s identity.
A FRAMEWORK FOR PROGRESS
Seventy-five years later, the Constitution continues to shape India’s governance and societal evolution. Its principles resonate with numerous policies and initiatives aimed at improving the quality of life for all citizens. For example, the Jal Jeevan Mission, which seeks to provide safe drinking water to every household, embodies the Constitution’s emphasis on human dignity and equitable development. Similarly, adopting digital life certificates for senior citizens exemplifies its flexibility to adapt to technological advancements while prioritizing inclusivity.
Prime Minister Modi’s assertion that “Babasaheb Ambedkar’s Constitution is fully implemented” in regions like Jammu and Kashmir highlights the enduring relevance of Constitutional ideals. The decision to observe 26 November as Constitution Day since 2015 reflects a renewed commitment to its principles. Initiatives such as launching a dedicated website to promote Constitutional awareness demonstrate efforts to engage citizens with this foundational document in meaningful ways. In such sense, the Constitution also serves as a moral compass, reminding policymakers to align their decisions with its guiding principles. From upholding the rights of marginalized communities to fostering innovation in governance, it continues to inspire initiatives that strive to build a more equitable and prosperous society.
CHALLENGES AND RESILIENCE
The journey of the Indian Constitution has not been without challenges. The Emergency of 1975-77 remains a stark reminder of the potential for institutional overreach. Yet, even in the face of such trials, the Constitution’s resilience has shone through, enabling India to correct its course and reaffirm its commitment to democracy. The Constitution’s adaptability is perhaps its greatest strength. Over the decades, it has been amended to reflect changing realities, from the abolition of privy purses to the introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (GST). These amendments demonstrate its capacity to evolve without losing its foundational principles. Instances of power abuse, societal polarization, and economic disparities persist, testing the nation’s ability to live up to the ideals enshrined in the Constitution. However, these challenges also underscore its enduring relevance. It provides a framework for addressing systemic issues while safeguarding the rights and freedoms of all citizens.
HONOURING THE LEGACY OF THE UNSUNG HEROES
Indeed, PM Modi needs to be congratulated in celebrating this day 26 November as Constitution Day which has the contribution of several revolutionaries and freedom fighters, of whom the present generation is totally unaware. As India celebrates this landmark anniversary, it is essential to move beyond ceremonial observances and focus on honouring the Constitution’s legacy through action. This includes ensuring that its ideals are not just aspirations but lived realities for all citizens. The government’s efforts to promote Constitutional awareness and integrate its principles into policymaking are commendable. However, the responsibility to uphold its values extends beyond policymakers. It lies with every citizen, who must actively engage with the Constitution and hold institutions accountable to its ideals. The 75th anniversary, therefore, is also an opportunity to recognize the contributions of the framers, particularly Dr Ambedkar, whose vision continues to guide the nation. Their belief in the transformative power of democracy, equality, and justice remains as relevant today as it was 75 years ago.
LOOKING AHEAD
As the Constitution approaches its centenary, India must strive to address the unfinished tasks of its founding vision. This includes tackling persistent inequalities, fostering innovation in governance, and ensuring environmental sustainability. The journey ahead demands a collective commitment to the Constitution’s principles, ensuring they remain a guiding light for future generations. The ideals articulated by the framers are not mere words on parchment; they are a call to action. Upholding them requires vigilance, dedication, and a willingness to adapt to new challenges while remaining true to the core values of justice, liberty, and equality.
The 75th anniversary of the Indian Constitution is a moment of pride, reflection, and resolve. It celebrates the endurance of a framework that has guided a diverse and dynamic nation through decades of change. As we honour this milestone, let us pledge to uphold the vision of Dr Ambedkar and the Constituent Assembly. Especially his vision of a casteless society and united India.
* Prof Santishree Dhulipudi Pandit is the Vice Chancellor of JNU.