Economic cooperation remains a pivotal aspect of India’s regional strategy.
As Prime Minister Narendra Modi embarks on his third term, South Asia is keenly watching how India will navigate its complex relationships within the region. Modi’s previous terms have set a foundation of robust foreign policy initiatives, but the expectations for his third term are even higher. South Asia, characterized by a blend of cooperation and contention, presents both opportunities and challenges that require innovative and imaginative strategies.
REINFORCING THE ‘NEIGHBOURHOOD FIRST’ POLICY
One of the cornerstones of India’s foreign policy under PM Modi has been the ‘Neighbourhood First’ policy. This initiative emphasizes building strong relations with neighbouring countries through enhanced cooperation and development assistance. Narendra Modi’s invitation to leaders from Sri Lanka, Maldives, Mauritius, and the Seychelles to his swearing-in ceremony reinforces India’s focus on the Indian Ocean Region (IOR), where India has played a dominant regional power role for decades. Visits by Seychelles leaders offers a unique opportunity for us to strengthen the relationship in a recent region. Bangladesh, Nepal, and Bhutan are other countries invited for the new government’s swearing-in ceremony, highlighting our continued focus on neighbourhood engagement and in-line with our neighbourhood first philosophy, and shall also bolster India’s efforts in checkmating an aggressive China in the region.
ENHANCING ECONOMIC AND DEVELOPMENTAL COOPERATION
Economic cooperation remains a pivotal aspect of India’s regional strategy. South Asia is rife with economic disparities, and India’s role as a regional leader involves addressing these inequalities through collaborative projects. Modi’s government is expected to ramp up investments in connectivity, infrastructure (both physical and digital), technology, and healthcare across neighbouring countries. By providing development aid and technical assistance without stringent conditions, India can build goodwill and strengthen its influence. This approach not only fosters economic growth but also counters the strategic inroads made by other regional powers, particularly a hostile China. Having earned the moniker of “neighbourhood’s first responder,” India has always stood by its neighbours and played a leading actor during emergencies in its neighbourhood; be it during the acute drinking water supply crisis in Maldives (2014), Nepal earthquake (2015), devastating floods in Sri Lanka and Bangladesh (2017), or most recently during the Covid-19 pandemic.
PROMOTING CULTURAL DIPLOMACY AND SOFT POWER
India’s rich cultural heritage is a powerful tool in its diplomatic arsenal. The Modi government has effectively leveraged soft power to enhance India’s global standing and this trend is likely to continue. Initiatives such as the International Day of Yoga, cultural exchanges and educational scholarships have bolstered India’s image as a benevolent neighbour. Expanding these programs can deepen cultural ties and promote mutual understanding among South Asian nations.
ADDRESSING SECURITY CONCERNS AND REGIONAL STABILITY
Security remains a pressing concern in South Asia, with issues ranging from terrorism to maritime disputes. Modi’s administration has been proactive in addressing these challenges through bilateral and multilateral frameworks. Strengthening security cooperation with neighbours, enhancing intelligence sharing, and conducting joint military exercises are vital steps towards ensuring regional stability. India’s role in combating terrorism and promoting peace will be crucial in maintaining a secure environment conducive to development.
INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO DIPLOMATIC ENGAGEMENT
The geopolitical landscape of South Asia is continually evolving, necessitating flexible and innovative diplomatic strategies. PM Modi’s foreign policy team, led by the experienced Dr S. Jaishankar is expected to introduce creative solutions to long-standing issues. This includes leveraging technology for diplomatic communication, engaging with regional organizations like SAARC and BIMSTEC, and adopting a multi-alignment approach to balance relations with global powers.
ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY AND CLIMATE ACTION
Climate change poses significant risks to South Asia, with countries facing extreme weather events, rising sea levels, and environmental degradation. India’s leadership in promoting sustainable development and climate action can serve as a model for the region. Initiatives such as the International Solar Alliance and the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure highlight India’s commitment to environmental stewardship. By fostering regional cooperation on climate issues, India can help build resilience and sustainable practices across South Asia.
STRENGTHENING PEOPLE-TO-PEOPLE CONNECTIVITY
Enhancing people-to-people connectivity is essential for deepening regional integration. Modi’s government is likely to focus on initiatives that facilitate greater mobility, such as visa liberalization, improved transportation links, and collaborative educational programs. These efforts will not only enhance mutual understanding but also create opportunities for economic and social collaboration.
CONCLUSION
As PM Narendra Modi begins his third term, the expectations for India’s role in South Asia are high. By reinforcing the “Neighbourhood First” policy, enhancing economic and development cooperation, leveraging cultural diplomacy, addressing security concerns, adopting innovative diplomatic approaches, promoting environmental sustainability, and strengthening people-to-people connectivity, India can transform the region. Modi’s leadership, backed by a capable foreign policy team, holds the promise of ushering in an era of peace, prosperity, and partnership in South Asia. The dynamism and effectiveness shown in the previous terms provide a strong foundation for achieving these ambitious goals.
Sujeet Kumar is a Member of Parliament (MP) & the Chair of the Rajya Sabha Petitions Committee.